Which entity sponsors biomedical research and medical training?

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The federal government is the primary sponsor of biomedical research and medical training. In the United States, major agencies like the National Institutes of Health fund a vast portion of biomedical research, covering basic science, translational work, and clinical studies. They also support medical training through institutional training grants and fellowships that develop researchers, physicians, and scientists. This federal backing creates a nationwide research ecosystem and an ongoing pipeline for trained investigators. While state governments, private insurers, and hospitals contribute to research or training in various ways, they do not fund biomedical research and medical training at the national scale the way the federal government does.